Why do nonmetals have a negative charge

Luster : Metals have the quality of reflecting light from their surface and can be polished e. Malleability: Metals have the ability to withstand hammering and can be made into thin sheets known as foils. For example, a sugar cube sized chunk of gold can be pounded into a thin sheet that will cover a football field. Ductility: Metals can be drawn into wires.

For example, g of silver can be drawn into a thin wire about meters long. Hardness: All metals are hard except sodium and potassium, which are soft and can be cut with a knife. Valency: Metals typically have 1 to 3 electrons in the outermost shell of their atoms.

Conduction : Metals are good conductors because they have free electrons. Silver and copper are the two best conductors of heat and electricity. Lead is the poorest conductor of heat. Bismuth, mercury and iron are also poor conductors Density : Metals have high density and are very heavy. Iridium and osmium have the highest densities whereas lithium has the lowest density. Melting and Boiling Points : Metals have high melting and boiling points. Tungsten has the highest melting and boiling points whereas mercury has the lowest.

Sodium and potassium also have low melting points. Chemical Properties of Metals Metals are electropositive elements that generally form basic or amphoteric oxides with oxygen. Other chemical properties include: Electropositive Character : Metals tend to have low ionization energies, and typically lose electrons i.

Solutions Oxides of metals are characteristically solid at room temperature. Nonmetals Elements that tend to gain electrons to form anions during chemical reactions are called non-metals. Physical Properties of Nonmetals Physical State : Most of the non-metals exist in two of the three states of matter at room temperature: gases oxygen and solids carbon. Only bromine exists as a liquid at room temperature. Non-Malleable and Ductile : Non-metals are very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets.

Conduction : They are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Luster: These have no metallic luster and do not reflect light. Melting and Boiling Points : The melting points of non-metals are generally lower than metals, but are highly variable. Chemical Properties of Nonmetals Non-metals have a tendency to gain or share electrons with other atoms. Nonmetal oxides can combine with bases to form salts. Does nitrogen gain or lose electrons? Magnesium is in Group II and has two electrons in its valence shell.

Thus it tends to lose two electrons. Nitrogen, on the other hand, is in Group V and has five valence electrons, so it needs to gain three electrons to get a full valence shell. Are Metals positive or negative?

Ions -- electrically charged atoms -- can carry a positive or negative charge. Positive ions are cations and are typically metals like copper or sodium. Negatively-charged ions are anions, formed from nonmetallic elements like oxygen and sulfur. Which element has the smallest electron affinity?

Why do ionic bonds form? An ionic compound is created through the electrochemical attraction between a positively charge metal or cation and a negatively charged non-metal or anion. Ionic bonds form when the charges between the metal cation and non-metal anion are equal and opposite. Which element has the highest ionization energy? From this trend, Cesium is said to have the lowest ionization energy and Fluorine is said to have the highest ionization energy with the exception of Helium and Neon.

What is electron affinity trend? Electron Affinity is the energy associated with the addition of an electon to a gaseous atom. An unbound electron has an energy of zero. Trends: As with ionization energy, there are two rules that govern the periodic trends of electron affinities: Electron affinity becomes less negative down a group. Is an ion neutral? It has atomic number 9 and mass number Group 7 non-metals attract an extra electron to complete their outer shell.

The outer electron shell gets further from the nucleus moving down the group. This means that the extra electron is less strongly attracted, so the reactivity of group 7 gets less going down the group. Forming negative ions Negative ions are called anions. How many outer electrons does a fluorine atom have? What is the charge of a fluoride ion and what is its symbol?